>> Ted: COMING UP NEXT ON"ARIZONA HORIZON," AN UPDATE ON THE ZONE AND IN DOWNTOWN PHOENIX THAT THE CITY HAS BEEN ORDERED TO CLEAN UP AND DETAILS ON THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SELECTING ASU AS A MICROELECTRONIC'S HUB.

>> A NEW BOOK TELLS US HOW DRUGS HAVE SHAPED AMERICAN SOCIETY.

THAT'S NEXT ON "ARIZONA HORIZON."

>> Ted: GOOD EVENING ANDWELCOME TO "ARIZONA HORIZON."

I'M TED SIMONS.

THE NUMBER OF AMERICAN CITIZENS KILLED IN THE HAMAS ATTACK ON ISRAEL STANDS AT 14 WITH TO 20 OR MORE MISSING.

PRESIDENT BIDEN CALLED THE ACTIONS BY HAMAS, AN ADULTERATED EVIL.

>> YOU KNOW, THERE ARE MOMENTS IN THIS LIFE AND I MEAN THIS LITERALLY, WHEN THE PURE UNADULTERATED EVIL IS UNLEASHED.

ON THIS WORLD.

PEOPLE OF ISRAEL LIVED THROUGH ONE SUCH MOMENT THIS WEEKEND.

BLOODY HANDS OF THE TERRORIST ORGANIZATION OF HAMAS AND A STATED PURPOSE FOR PEEING IS FOR BEING IS TO KILL JEWS.

JUST SHEER EVIL AND MORE THAN ONE THOUSAND CIVILIANS SLAUGHTERED AND NOT JUST KILLED, SLAUGHTERED IN ISRAEL.

AMONG THEM, AT LEAST 14 AMERICAN CITIZENS KILLED.

PARENTS BUTCHERED USING THEIR BODIES TO TRY TO PROTECT THEIR CHILDREN, STOMACH-CHURNING REPORTS OF BABIES KILLED AND ENTIRE FAMILIES EXPLAIN.

YOUNG PEOPLE MASSACRED ATTENDING A MUSIC FESTIVAL TO CELEBRATE PEACE, TO CELEBRATE PEACE.

WOMEN RAPED AND ASSAULTED AND PARADED AS TROPHIES.

FAMILIES HID THEIR FEAR FOR HOURS AND HOURS DESPERATELY TRYING TO KEEP THEIR CHILDREN QUIET TO AVOID DRAWING ATTENTION TO ANY COUNTRY, ANY ORGANIZATION, ANYONE THINKING OF TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE SITUATION.

I HAVE ONE WORD, "DON'T," "DON'T ."

OUR HEARTS MAY BE BROKEN BUT RESOLVE IS CLEAR.

>> Ted: THEY HAVE RECOVERED THE BODIES OF 1500 PALESTINIAN ASSAILANTS AND THERE WERE MORE THAN 100 100 ISRAELI AIRSTRIKES AND WHERE HAMAS LAUNCHED THE WEEKEND ATTACK.

ISRAEL CLAIMED TO DESTROY ONE TUNNEL USED FOR SMUGGLING WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT.

>>> WELL, MORE HEADLINE FORMER, GUBERNATORIAL CANDIDATE KARI LIKE TO ANNOUNCE HER CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENCY AND IS TO BE A PART OF A RALLY AT A SCOTTSDALE MANAGE THAT CATERS TO THE WEALTHIEST DEMOGRAPHIC IN THE WORLD.

THE MAGAZINE DOES HAVE TIES TO DONALD TRUMP.

LAKE JOINS SHERIFF MARK LAMB FOR THE SENATE SEAT HELD BY INDEPENDENT S KYRSTEN SINEMA.

>>> THE CITY OF PHOENIX HAS JUST A FEW BEAKS LEFT TO CLEAN UP THE DOWNTOWN HOMELESS KNOWN AS "THE ZONE."

JOINING US NOW IS STEPHANIE MANNERSSTEPH MARTINEZPROVIDING A CIRCLE OF CARE FOR THOSE THAT ARE HOMELESS.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

"CIRCLE THE CITY," WHAT IS THAT?

>> WE PROVIDE HEALTHCARE SERVICES TO INDIVIDUALS FACING HOMELESSNESS IN MARICOPA COUNTY AND OFFER THAT THROUGH THREE DIFFERENT SEGMENTS.

WE HAVE OUTPATIENT AND THINK OF THOSE AS THE PRIMARY CARE CLINIC WE COULD GO AND TAILORED TO OUR HOMELESS POPULATION AND WE ENSURE SHOWERS, FOOD, AND HOPEFULLY ANYTHING THAT OUR PATIENTS NEED TO MAKE THEM COMFORTABLE BEFORE THEY SAY A PROVIDER.

WE HAVE TWO MEDICAL RESPITE FACILITIES AND THESE ARE MEDICAL FACILITIES TAILORED TO THE PATIENTS TO COME AND HEAL AND IF THEY HAVE AN ACUTE MEDICAL CONDITION, DISCHARGED FROM THE HOSPITAL NEARBY AND THEY NEED ADDITIONAL TIME TO HEAL BEFORE THEY GO TO A SHELTER BACK TO THE STREET, THEY MAY COME AND HAVE THAT MEDICAL SERVICES GIVEN BY "CIRCLES OF CITY."

WE HAVE FOUR MEDICAL UNITS FROM FAR EAST TO FAR WEST TO THE PATIENT POPULATION.

WE PARTNER WITH THE DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONS THROUGHOUT THE VALLEY AND IN ADDITION TO THAT, WE HAVE OUR STREET MEDICINE TEAM AND THINK OF THOSE AS BACKPACK MEDICINES WHERE THE MOBILE UNITS ARE NOT ABLE TO GO.

AS WE MENTIONED BEFORE, UNDER A BRIDGE OR BEHIND, YOU KNOW, A GAS STATION OR SOMEWHERE THEY'RE NEEDING OF SERVICES.

THAT'S WHERE OUR MEDICINE TEAMS COME IN.

>> Ted: THAT CIRCLE OF CITY, THAT'S WHAT YOU DO AND DEFINE THE TERMS.

"THE ZONE," WHAT IS IT?

>> SOMETHING REFERRED TO BY THE HUMAN SERVICE'S CAMPUS.

THAT'S WHERE A LOT OF DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONS THROUGHOUT THE VALLEY GO INTO PROVIDE SERVICES SO YOU HAVE THE LARGEST SHELTER IN MARICOPA COUNTY AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS AND "CIRCLE THE CITY" AND WE HAVE MEDICAL RESPITE FACILITY ON THE CAMPUS.

SO "THE ZONE" IS OUTSIDE OF THE HUMAN SERVICE'S CAMPUS AND EITHER INDIVIDUALS WHO ONE, ARE STAYING AT CASS AND LEADING FOR THE DAY OR NOT STAYING IN THE SHELTER OR TWO, IT'S INDIVIDUALS THAT, PERHAPS, DON'T WANT TO BE IN THE SHELTER OR GO TO CASS AND IN THE ZONE.

IT'S THAT BLOCK OR TWO SURROUNDING THE HUMAN SERVICE'S CAMPUS.

>> Ted: PHOENIX HAS BEEN ORDERED TO CLEAN UP BECAUSE BUSINESSES FILED SUIT AND THE JUDGE SAID IT'S A NUISANCE.

HOW MUCH HAS BEEN CLEANED UP AND WHAT'S GOING ON DOWN THERE?

>> FROM OUR LENSE AND FROM A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE, WE WILL CONTINUE TO BE THERE AND PROVIDE SERVICES FOR AS LONG OUR PATIENT POPULATION THERE.

WE WILL REMAIN THERE.

WE HAVE SEEN A SHIFT AND HAVE SEEN EFFORTS AND DEFINITELY EFFORTS FROM, AGAIN, DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONS TRYING TO PROVIDE SERVICES, TRYING TO CONNECT THESE INDIVIDUALS TO SERVICES AND IF THEY'RE WILLING TO.

THE REALITY IS, AS LONG WE CONTINUE TO NOT HAVE THE RESOURCES, THE HOUSING, THE DIFFERENT SHELTERS, THE FUNDING, WHERE WOULD THEY GO?

>> Ted: WHERE ARE THEY GOING?

ANYONE WHO HAS DRIVEN ALONG WASHINGTON OR VAN BUREN OR ANY STREETS WITH UNDERPASSES, YOU SEE A MASSIVE INCANTMENT THE ONE DAY AND GONE THE NEXT AND THEN BACK.

WHAT'S HAPPENING OUT THERE?

>> THE SAME SHIFT WE'RE SEEING.

WHEN WE SAW THE ZONE WOULD BE CLEANED UP, WHERE SHOULD WE GO AND DEPLOY THE TEAMS BECAUSE WE HAVE A MOBILE MEDICAL TEAM TO SEE PATIENTS THAT ARE IN THE ZONE.

AND TO OUR SHOCK, WE HAVE NOT LEFT THE ZONE BECAUSE OUR PATIENTS ARE STILL THERE.

SO THEY SHIFT AND GO DOWN A BLOCK OR TWO AND WE WILL FOLLOW WHEREVER IT IS THEY'RE GOING.

I WILL SAY, I KNOW THAT, AGAIN, THE CITY OF PHOENIX AND OTHER EFFORTS IN TRYING TO SEE WHERE THERE MIGHT BE ANOTHER OUTDOOR SPACE THAT OPENS UP AND ANOTHER, AGAIN, SITE FOR US TO CONNECT PATIENTS TO.

BUT THAT HASN'T OPENED UP QUITE YET.

I WILL TELL YOU THAT "CIRCLE THE CITY" IS READY TO GO TO WHEREVER THE NEXT SHELTER AND OUTDOOR SPACE OPENS UP TO PROVIDE MEDICAL SERVICES.

>> Ted: DOES IT LOOK FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE, IS THE ZONE SMALLER AND HAS THERE BEEN A CLEANING UP OF THE AREA AT ALL?

>> THERE HAS.

AGAIN, EFFORTS ARE NOTICED AND I THINK OUR PATIENTS HAVE BEEN CONNECTED TO RESOURCES, TO SERVICES OR OTHER TREATMENT CENTERS.

SO THERE HAS BEEN A SHIFT.

I JUST DON'T THINK IT'S A SHIFT THAT PEOPLE WERE EXPECTING.

>> Ted: THE CITY OF PHOENIX SAYS IT'S NEARLY TRIPLED THE FUNDING FOR HOMELESS.

ARE YOU SEEING IT OUT THERE?

IF YOU'RE SEEING IT, IS IT IMPROVING THE SITUATION BECAUSE IT DOESN'T LOOK LIKE IT'S THAT MUCH IMPROVED.

>> SO WE'VE SEEN DEFINITELY NEW OPPORTUNITIES, VERY DIFFERENT HOTELS THAT HAVE OPENED UP AND THAT HAVE BECOME A SHELTER OR A TRANSITIONAL LIVING.

WE HAVE TO REMEMBER THAT AS MUCH AS THEY'VE INCREASED FUNDING, OUR HOMELESS S POPULATION INCREASED DRASTICALLY THROUGHOUT THE YEARS.

THERE'S CASE MANAGERS AND PEOPLE WORKING WITH INDIVIDUALS FACING HOMELESSNESS AND WAITING FOR THIS TO OPEN AND ONCE THEY TO, WE'RE REFERRING PATIENTS.

ONCE THEY FILL UP, UNLESS THE INDIVIDUAL HAS A HOUSING VOUCHER OR SOMEWHERE TO BE DISCHARGED TO, THEY'RE AT CAPACITY AND THEY FILL UP QUICKLY.

>> Ted: LAST QUESTION, "CIRCLE THE CITY" WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO SEE DONE BY A GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY AND WHATEVER?

WHAT DO YOU WANT TO SEE DONE HERE THAT WOULD HELP YOU DO YOUR JOB AND HOPEFULLY HELP YOU NOT TODO YOUR JOB SO MUCH?

>> WE WANT MARICOPA COUNTY WHERE WE DON'T HAVE TO DEPLOY MOBILE MEDICAL UNITS AND STREET MEDICINE TEAMS.

I'VE SAID THIS, I FEEL "CIRCLE THE CITY" IS INNOVATIVE AND TRY TO BRIDGE THAT GAP TO MEET PATIENT NEEDS.

UNFORTUNATELY, OUR EXPANSION IS ALWAYS TIED TO THE INCREASE IN HOMELESSNESS.

I WOULD ANSWER WHAT ANY NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION THAT WORKS IN OUR POPULATION IS INCREASED FUNDING.

I KNOW THERE'S BEEN INCREASED FUNDING, BUT A HUGE INCREASE IN HOMELESS INDIVIDUALS AND WE'VE SEEN THIS.

WE'LL CONTINUE TO SEE IT AS LONG INFLATION CONTINUES.

IT WAS ON THE NEWS RECENTLY, HOW MANY EVICTION NOTICES WERE GIVEN JUST IN THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER.

WE'LL SEE HOMELESSNESS INCREASE AND AS THAT INCREASES, FUNDING NEEDS TO INCREASE, AS WELL.

>> Ted: THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>> Ted: UP NEXT, ASU HAS BEEN SELECTED AS A MICROELECTRONIC'S HUB.

>> Ted: A U.S. HAS BEEN SELECTED AS ONE OF EIGHT HUBS FOR MICROELECTRONICS AND.

CONGRATULATIONS ON THIS MICRO ELECTRONIC'S HUB.

>> THIS IS AN ASU-LEAD HUB ONCE TO FORM A NATIONAL NETWORK THAT'S PART OF THE DOD'S MICROELECTRONIC'S COMMON'S EFFORT.

>> Ted: ASU WOULD BE FOCUSED ON WHAT ASPECT OF THIS?

I IMAGINE THIS IS KIND OF THE R & D AND THAT SORT OF BUSINESS, CORRECT?

>> THE KEY GOALS FOR OUR HUB IS TO ACCELERATE THE RATE AT WHICH DISCOVERIES, IDEAS FROM THE LAB ARE PROTOTYPED AND DEVICES THAT FIND A WAY INTO DOD SYSTEMS.

THAT'S A REAL NEED AND THIS HUB IS A PHYSICAL PLACE THAT A NETWORK OF PARTNERS THAT GIVES US COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN COMPETING FOR PROJECTS TO ADVANCE AT AT AT ADMISSION.

BRINGING IN A PARTNERS AS WE BEGIN TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IT WAS AFTER IN THEIR CALL.

>> Ted: TALKING "LAB-TO-FAB."

>> FROM THE LABORATORIES, FACES OF DISCOVERY, FACULTY, SMALL BUSINESSES AND WHATNOT, THE FAB, THE FACTOR, WHERE THE CHIPS ARE MADE AND ENTER INTO THE DEVICES.

>> Ted: IS THE GOAL TO BYPASS OR EASE SUPPLY CHAIN CONCERNS?

>> SO THERE IS AN ELEMENT TO THAT AND HOW DO WE ON-SHORE A LOT OF THAT MANUFACTURING CAPABILITY?

YES, IT DOES ADDRESS THE SUPPLY CHAIN ISSUES.

>> Ted: TALKING THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND SEMICONDUCTORS AND TROOPS, SHIPS, PLANES AND THESE SORTS OF THINGS?

>> WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT A DOD SYSTEM, A PLANE, SHIP OR SOME OTHER APPARATUS PIECE OF EQUIPMENT THEY NEED AND USE.

>> Ted: WHY WAS ASU CHOSEN?

>> WE HAD A COMPETITIVE BID AND THERE ARE EIGHT HUBS OF WHICH WE ARE ONE AND OVER 80 SUBMISSIONS AND THIS REFLECTS WELL BECAUSE OF THE YEARS OF EFFORT WE'VE BEEN PUTTING IN.

I SAY "WE," ALL THE WAY TO OUR FEDERAL DELEGATION, TO PUT US IN A POSITION TO DO THIS AND ADVANCE THE BEST IDEAS AND WIN THE AWARD.

>> Ted: ADVANCED PROTOTYPING AND WE'RE TALKING GROUND-LEVEL, START LEVEL STUFF, RIGHT?

>> PROTOTYPING AND THINKING ABOUT A SPECIFIC DOD MISSION AND A NEED FOR THE WAR FIGHTERS AND SOME APPARATUS, IF YOU WILL AND THE DEFENSE CONTRACTORS, THIS ECOSYSTEM NATIONALLY, THEY DO THAT AND THIS WILL MAKE THEM MORE COMPETITIVE AND MORE COST ADVANTAGE AMONG OTHER OPPORTUNITIES.

>> Ted: HOW MUCH FUNDING ARE WE TALKING ABOUT HERE?

>> SO THIS IS THE COMMONS, NATIONALLY, TWO BILLION DOLLARS OF THE $52 BILLION CHIP'S ACT.

THE FUNDING THAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT HERE WAS $240 MILLION OF WHICH ASU SHARED WHICH IS 40 MILLION.

>> Ted: I WOULD IMAGINE YOU HAVE A PLAN AND WHAT DO YOU KNOW?

>> IN GOES INTO CAPABILITIES, WHICH MEANS TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, SKILLED PERSONNEL AND CONNECTING INTO OUR NETWORK PARTNERS TO, AGAIN, CREATE A NOVEL SET OF CAPABILITIES THAT PUT US IN THE BEST POSSIBLE POSITION TO NOW EXECUTE ON PROJECTS.

>> Ted: OBVIOUSLY CLOSE WORK WITHIN THE HUB AND WHAT ABOUT WITHIN THE OTHER HUBS?

I MEAN, HOW CLOSE WILL YOU BE WORKING WITH THE SEVEN OTHERS?

>> THAT'S PART OF THE PROCESS.

THE INAUGURAL KICKOFF IS NEXT WEEK AND WE'LL LEARN MORE ABOUT THOSE CONNECTIONS AND WHAT THAT NETWORK WILL LOOK LIKE.

>> Ted: GIVE US AN OVERALL TIMELINE?

>> WE'RE HITTING THIS WITH A RUNNING START AND THROUGH FIVE YEARS, BUILDING OUT, IF YOU WILL, ECOSYSTEM, THESE PARTNERSHIPS.

>> Ted: THE IMPACT ON THE LOCAL ECONOMY FROM ALL OF THIS, ARE YOU ABLE TO SEE THAT OR AT LEAST HAVE SOME SORT OF ESTIMATE.

>> THEREESTIMATES?

>> PHOENIX IS A NEXUS FOR SEMICONDUCTORS AND AEROSPACE IS A LEADING INDUSTRY WITHIN THE STATE.

IT WILL STIMULATE THAT BASE AND GROW THE ECONOMY, NEW START-UPS MAKING COMPANIES HERE MORE COMPETITIVE.

>> Ted: WHY DO YOU THINK THERE HAS BEEN A GAP BETWEEN R & D AND PRODUCTION?

>> I THINK THE GAP HAS BEEN, YOU KNOW, OWING TO MANY CIRCUMSTANCES THAT HAVE EVOLVED OVER MANY YEARS.

AS THE ECONOMY WAS HEAVILY GLOBALIZED, SEEKING LOW COST CENTERS AROUND THE WORLD TO MASS PRODUCE ELECTRONICS AND SEEKING OTHER AREAS WHERE IT COULD BE, YOU KNOW, AT COST TO DO THIS PROTOTYPE COVID EXPOSED THAT.

>> Ted: NEW FACILITIES OR EXISTING FACILITIES.

>> SO THERE'S AN EXISTING FACILITY CALLED THE MACRO TECHNOLOGY WORKS.

>> Ted: THE FULTON SCHOOLS OF ENGINEERING AND SOUNDS LIKE AN EXCITING TIME FOR YOU.

>> LOOKING FORWARD TO IT.

>> Ted: THANKS FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU.

>> Ted: A NEW BOOK SEIZED THE USE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES INCLUDING NOL AND NARCOTICS AS A DEFINING USE OF HISTORY.

IT'S CALLED "QUICK FIXES, DRUGS IN AMERICA FROM THE PROHIBITION TO THE 21st CENTURY BINGE."

SHE THEBENJAMIN, THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

WE APPRECIATE YOU BEING HERE.

THIS IS A BOOK WHERE YOU KIND OF GO OVER THESE NINE -- FIRST OF ALL, WHY NINE?

>> I WANTED TO BE AS COMPREHENSIVE AS POSSIBLE IN COVERING THE RANGE OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS AND WORKED OUT THAT WAY.

I FUDGED THE CATEGORIES HERE AND THERE.

FOR INSTANCE, IN THE PSYCHOTROPICS, IT'S JUST THE WAY THE CATEGORIES WORKED OUT.

>> Ted: YOU GET COFFEE, CIGARETTES, ALCOHOL, OPIATES, PSYCHEDELICS AND COCAINE AND THE WHOLE NINE YARDS HERE, HUH?

>> I WANTED TO PROBLEMMIZE THE LICIT AND ILLICIT DRUGS.

WE OFTENTIMES HAVE DIFFERENT ASSOCIATIONS WITH THEM.

>> Ted: THIS IS ABOUT THE LAST CENTURY OR SO AND WHY TO YOU PICK THAT?

THAT'S THE TIME FRAME WENT ALL OF THIS EXPLODED, CORRECT?

>> ABSOLUTELY.

SO I START THE BOOK ROUGHLY IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY AND THIS IS A MOMENT WHEN WE HAD A FABULOUSLY PATENT INDUSTRY AND SOME 50,000 PROPRIETARY ONES AT THE TIME WITH MEDICALLY PURE HEROIN, AND ANYTHING WE YOU WANTED, YOU COULD GET CHEAP.

THIS IS THE TIME WHEN WE STARTED TO PUSH FOR DOMESTIC DRUG CONTROL, SO IN 1914, THE FIRST DOMESTIC DRUG CONTROLS ON OPIUM AND COCA.

IN THE U.S., IT BECOMES INTIMATELY INVOLVED FOR INTERNATIONAL DRUGS, AS WELL.

THAT LOVE-HATE AFFAIR WITH DRUGS DEFINING AMERICAN HISTORY IS WHEN IT STARTED.

>> Ted: INDEED, YOU WRITE CAPITALISM PLAYED A BIG PART IN WHAT BECAME INCREASING REGULATIONS OF NARCOTICS SO TALK TO US ABOUT THAT.

>> SO IN THE LATE 19th 19th CENTURY, IWORK I WEAVED THAT STORY IF AND PART OF MY ARGUMENT THERE IS BECAUSE THE UNITED STATES DID NOT DEVELOP THE KIND OF COUNTERFAILING FORCES AND STRUCTURES THAT EUROPE, FOR INSTANCE, DEVELOPED WITH INDUSTRIAL CALLUM.

CAPITALISM.

WE GOT MORE RESPONSES TO THE SORE ILLS THAT INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM UNLEASHED AND THAT'S WHAT ACCOUNTS FOR THE UNIQUE STRENGTH OF THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT.

NOTHING LIKE THE SCALE OF THE AMERICAN PROHIBITION EXPERIMENT.

>> Ted: YOU WRITE ONE OF THE REASONS FROM TEMPERANCE ON WAS THAT YOU HAD INDUSTRIALIZATION.

YOU HAD WORKERS AND YOU COULDN'T HAVE WORKERS NODDING ARCH AND NODDING OFF AND BEING HIGH, NOT DOING AS MUCH WORK AS THEY COULD.

>> WHEN THE TEMPERANCE PERFORMERS WERE SPEAKING, THERE WAS A NEW PROBLEM OF INTENSE, ESCAPISTS, INTOXICATION IN CITIES.

IT WASN'T MORE ALCOHOL.

WHAT WAS THE DIFFERENCE?

IN THE EARLY 19th CENTURY, AMERICANS DRANK ROUGHLY FOUR TIMES THE AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL WE DRINK PER CAPITA TODAY.

BUT IT WASN'T SEEN AS THAT BIG OF A PROBLEM BECAUSE IT WAS BUILT INTO EVERY DAY ROUTINE AND A SLOWER AGRICULTURAL ETHOS.

YOU GET NEW FORMS OF PROBLEMATIC DRINKING AND NOT NECESSARILY MORE BUT INTENSE AND ESCAPIST IN ITS NATURE.

>> Ted: STRESS, ISOLATION, ALIENATION WERE TRIGGERS, WERE THEY NOT?

>> THE NEW FACT LIFE OF ERA WAS JARRING TO A LOT OF PEOPLE.

IN ONE GENERATION, PEOPLE STARTED LIVING COMPLETELY DIFFERENT LIVES IN THESE HUGE CITIES AND, YOU KNOW, THE SALOON OFFERED A GREAT DEAL OF COMFORT FOR WORKING-CLASS MEN IN PARTICULAR AND IT BECAME A NATURAL TARGET OF OUTRAGE REFORMERS.

>> Ted: YOU WRITE WHERE MEDICINES AND DRUGS HAVE ALMOST FLIP-FLOPPED A LITTLE BIT HERE AND WHAT WAS THE POINT YOU WERE MAKING IN.

MAKING.

>> WE'RE IN A UNIQUE PERIOD WHERE I SEE THE UNITED STATES AS GOING THROUGH PERIODS OF CRACKDOWN AND THEN NORMIZATION.

I WOULD ARGUE TODAY WE'RE IN THE PERIOD OF NORMALIZATION.

IT'S WHERE MEDICAL DRUGS LIKE FENTANYL, FOR INSTANCE, WHICH HAS LONG BEEN USED AS A SURGICAL ANESTHETIC IS SEEN AS A BIG PROBLEM IN THE ILLICIT MARKET.

WHERE DRUGS LIKE CIGARETTE ARE SEEN AS REGRESSIVE AND DEEM DEMONIZED.

SO IT'S THE CATEGORY OF DRUGS ARE UP FOR GRABS.

>> Ted: WHERE IS ALL OF THIS HEADING?

YOU WRITE ABOUT THE HISTORY HERE AND BEFORE WE GET TO WHERE IT'S HEADING, IS THIS UNIQUE TO THE UNITED STATES?

IT SOUNDS LIKE IT IS, FROM YOUR WRITING.

>> I THINK IT IS.

THE SCALE OF AMERICAN DRUG USE IS FABULOUS.

WE COMPROMISE FOUR% TO FIVE% OF THE WORLD'S POPULATION AND CONSUME 80% OF OPIOIDS AND AMPHETAMINE AND AM FET MEIN-LIKE DRUGS.

THIS IS AMERICAN HISTORY AND AMERICAN PROBLEMS TODAY.

>> Ted: THE TEA DEFINING CHARACTERISTIC, AS YOU WRITE.

SO WHERE IS ALL OF THIS LEADING?

>> THE EXISTING DECRIMINALIZATION MOVE THES WILL CONTINUE.

THE PSYCHODELIC SPACE IS THE MOST INTERESTING.

THIS IS THE FIRST OR SECOND QUARTER OF 2024 AND OREGON, IT'S ALREADY A LEGAL SUBSTANCE.

AND ALL OF THE TRENDS ARE POINTING IN THE DIRECTION OF FURTHER DECRIMINAL STATIONIZATION AND LEGALIZATION.

>> Ted: IT'S NOT A GOOD THING FOR AMERICAN SOCIETY AND HOW TO YOU RESPOND TO THAT CONSIDERING YOUR RESEARCH IN YOUR BOOK HERE?

>> I WOULD AGREE TALKING DID DECRIMINALIZATION AND LEGALIZATION ON THEIR OWN.

THE CONCLUSION OF THE BOOK, I GO OVER THE ISSUING IRRATIONALLALITY AND FAILED ON ITS OWN TERMS.

BUT I THINK THE NAME PROPOSALS OF THE REFORMISM ARE BLINKERS LIKE TEA CRIMINALIZATION AND LEGALIZATION WILL NOT SOLVE THE DRUG PROBLEM.

WE NEED PROTECTIONS IN ORDER TO MITIGATE PROBLEMS OF DRUG CONSUMPTION ABUSE.

>> Ted: BENJAMIN, THANK YOU.

WE APPRECIATE YOUR TIME.

>> THANKS SO MUCH.

>> Ted: THAT'S IT FOR NOW.

I'M TED SIMONS.

THANKS FOR JOINING US.

YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING!