WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Good evening.

I'm William# Brangham.

Amna Nawaz and Geoff Bennett are away.

On the "News Hour" tonight:# During a White House visit,## both President Trump and El Salvador's# president indicate they have no intention## of returning a man mistakenly# deported, despite a court order.

On-again/off-again tariffs on# electronics imported to the U.S.## from China add to the confusion# for companies around the world.

And the scientific efforts to reduce methane## emissions on cattle farms by# changing the animals' diet.

ERMIAS KEBREAB, University of California, Davis:# I think we can produce high-quality protein,## high-quality milk, at the# same time help the planet.

(BREAK) WILLIAM BRANGHAM:##Welcome to the "News Hour."

A remarkable scene inside the Oval Office# today, President Trump.. his administration meeting with# the president of El Salvador,## both governments rejecting the president's# request for responsibility for the fate of## a Maryland man the administration# admits was wrongly deported.

The Supreme Court decided last week the U.S.# government must facilitate the return of Kilmar## Abrego Garcia.

Attorney General Pam Bondi said# Garcia's return is at El Salvador's discretion.

PAM BONDI, U.S. Attorney General: He was# illegally in our country.

He had been## illegally in our country.

Right now, it was a# paperwork -- it was additional paperwork that## needed to be done.

That's up to El Salvador if# they want to return him.

That's not up to us.

The Supreme Court rule, President, that# if El Salvador wants to return him,## this is international matters, foreign# affairs.

If they wanted to return him,## we would facilitate it, meaning provide a plane.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: But President Bukele# also claimed his hands were tied.

NAYIB BUKELE, President of El Salvador:# How can I return him to the United States?## It's like I smuggle him into the United# States, or whatever it is?

Of course,## I'm not going to do it.

It's like, I mean, the# question is preposterous.

How can I smuggle a## terrorist into the United States?

I don't have# the power to return him to the United States.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: For more, I am joined# by our White House correspondent,## Laura Barron-Lopez, who has# been covering the latest.

Hi.

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: Hi.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Help us understand# th.. between these two presidents we saw# sitting next to each other today.

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: So, first, some# background on President Bukele.

He## has described himself as -- quote# -- "the world's coolest dictator."

And President Bukele essentially believes that# when someone is president, they become the law.## He's not known in his country for respecting# the rights of people inside the criminal justice## system.

And he has been politically rewarded back# home for creating these mega-prisons that now the## United States is sending migrants to, because# his voters believe that they have reduced crime.

And so it is believed that President Bukele,# unlike other Latin American presidents,## has demonstrated essentially that he's# willing to imprison a number of people## that President Trump sends to him,# including potentially U.S. citizens,## which President Trump was asked# about the possibility of today.

DONALD TRUMP, President of the United# States: If they're criminals and if## they hit people with baseball bats over# their head that happen to be 9.. and if they rape 87-year-old women# in Coney Island, Brooklyn, yes, yes,## that includes them.

What, do you think# there's special category of person?

They're as bad as anybody that comes in.# We have bad ones too.

And I'm all for it.# LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: President Trump,## as they were entering the Oval Office,# had said to El Salvadoran.. Bukele that -- quote -- "homegrowns are# next," referring to American citizens.

And he was asking Bukele to build# five more mega-prisons.

Also,## just yesterday, we should note that 10# more migrants who the administration## alleges are members of MS-13 and Tren# de Aragua were deported to El Salvador.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: This comes also# as we saw another late-night filing## from the Trump administration arguing# that they have no responsibility to## bring Kilmar Abrego Garcia back# from that El Salvador prison.

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: That's right.

Yesterday, the a.. secure" in the CECOT mega-prison.# But the federal judge, Paula Xinis,## had ordered daily updates about what they# were doing to bring back Abrego Garcia.

And the administration said in that filing# -- quote -- "The federal courts have no## authority to direct the executive# branch to conduct foreign relations## in a particular way or engage with a# foreign sovereign in a given manner."

Now, also today, Stephen Miller, a top adviser# to President Trump, falsely claimed that the## Supreme Court said that the lower district's# ruling was unlawful.

Also, he claimed that## the Supreme Court unanimously sided with the# White House in this issue.

And that's not true.

The Supreme Court specifically said# that the administration must facilitate## Garcia's -- quote -- "release from custody" in El# Salvador and that the Trump administration needed## to be prepared to share details about what# they were doing to facilitate that release.

Now, SCOTUS has also ruled that due process is# necessary for anyone that the administration is## deporting in the manner that they had deported# Abrego Garcia.

And Trump officials repeatedly## claimed today that Garcia himself is a# member of MS-13, but the appeals court## has said that the administration has provided no# evidence that he is a member of the MS-13 gang.

So, when you break it down, William, a number of# things that were said today by Trump officials,## including A.G. Pam Bondi, including# Secretary of State Marco Rubio,## is the opposite of what the administration# is saying in court.

They have repeatedly## admitted in court that they# made an administrative error.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: So where does# it leave it with the judge who## said to the administration, you# have got to make this happen?

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: I spoke to Ira# Kurzban.

He's a longtime immigration## lawyer.

And he said that ultimately the# federal judge could ask to see that $6## million contract to figure out if the# administration is not telling the truth.

And he also said, though, that the continued# defiance of the court's orders in the Abrego## Garcia case, as well as efforts# to target other legal immigrants,## ultimately is all about self-deportation.

IRA KURZBAN, Immigration Attorney: This is# just all a political construct by Trump to## scare the American people.

And this is all in# many respects theater.

It's all designed -- and## even his statement, I'm going to take Americans# and send them there, it's all designed to get## people so afraid that they leave the United# States.

That's what this is really all about.

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: Ultimately,# Abrego Garcia case could have big## implications for the other Venezuelans and# migrants that were deported to El Salvador.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: In another front on# the Trump anti-immigration campaign,## there was this hearing about the Tufts# University student Rumeysa Ozturk## who was detained for her alleged support# of Hamas.

What is the latest on that?

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: So what we found out was# that The Washington Post exclusively reported## that the State Department has no evidence that# the Tufts University student Ozturk engaged in## antisemitic activities, nor did she make public# statements supporting terrorist organizations.

And in a hearing today, a federal judge said that## he may ultimately rule that she needs# to be released from Louisiana detention## and he raised the possibility that this# could lead to a constitutional crisis.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Laura Barron-Lopez,# as always, thank you so much.

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: Thank you.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: The escalating# trade war between the U.S. and## China is continuing to inject uncertainty# into the world's two largest economies.

Over the weekend, President Donald Trump# and his top trade officials added to the## confusion by carving out new exemptions# for tariffs on electronic products.

In the Oval Office today, reporters pressed## President Trump on where this# tumultuous trade war is heading.

DONALD TRUMP, President of# the United States: Look, I'm## a very flexible pe.. WILLIAM BRANGHAM: The president declined## to specify what products might# be exempt from f.. DONALD TRUMP: I don't want to hurt# anybody, but the end result is,## we're going to get to the position# of greatness for our country.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: This morning,# Wall Street opened on a high note,## markets reacting positively to the weekend# announcement of exemptions for smartphones,## computers and other tech carved out of the# Trump administration's sweeping global tariffs.

But those celebrations may be brief, as U.S.# trade policy continues to swing back and forth.

On## Sunday, the president told reporters on Air Force# One that there could be tariffs coming on iPhones.

DONALD TRUMP: Well, that's# going to be announced very soon,## and we will be discussing it, but# we will also talk to companies.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: But, yesterday,# Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick## was definitive that new tariffs are coming for# tech products made with semiconductor chips.

HOWARD LUTNICK, U.S. Commerce Secretary: These# are included in the semiconductor tariffs that## are coming and the pharmaceuticals are# coming.

Those two areas are coming in## the next month or two.

So this is not# like a permanent sort of exemption.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: All of this after a# dramatic week for Wall Street.

On April 2,## President Trump announced massive# tariffs on most of the world.

DONALD TRUMP: My fellow# Americans, this is liberation day.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: A week later,# he walked back most of them,## saying he'd begin a 90-day negotiation period.

But tariffs on Chinese-made# goods were not paused.

Instead,## they were increased to 145 percent.

That left# some tech companies like Apple in the lurch.

LIN JIAN, Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson# (through translator): The U.S. uses tariffs as## a weapon for extreme pressure and self-interest,## placing its own interests above# those of the international community.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: China has remained firm# against what it calls bullying from America,## adding their own 125 percent# tariffs on U.S. goods.

Today, Beijing also escalated by halting exports# of certain rare earth minerals and magnets,## critical components for computer chips, cars# and many kinds of electric motors and other## technologies.

Chinese President Xi Jinping has# been reaching out to other countries.

Today,## he kicked off a tour of Southeast Asia in# Vietnam, signing a series of agreements.

In Washington, President Trump said he likes# President Xi, but not his meeting with Vietnam.

DONALD TRUMP: I don't blame China.# I don't blame Vietnam.

I see they're## meeting today.

Isn't that wonderful?

And# it's a lovely meeting.

They're meeting## like trying to figure out, how do we# screw the United States of America?

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: For now, markets appear to# be optimistic, as tech companies help to lift## Wall Street today.

The Dow Jones industrial# average finished up by more than 300 points.## The Nasdaq notched its own 100-point# gain, and the S&P climbed by 0.8 percent.

So, for more on how this trade war is playing out,# we turn again, as we often do, to David Wessel.## He's the director of the Hutchins Center on Fiscal# and Monetary Policy at the Brookings Institution.

David, always great to have# you back on the program.

Help us understand something.

When you look# back at the last few weeks of this trade war,## imbroglio, however you want to describe it,## can you discern a strategy# from the administration here?

DAVID WESSEL, Brookings Institution: In# short, no.

It seems to be incoherent.## Different voices in the administration# say different goals for the tariffs.

Are## they to raise money to cover the cost of# tax cuts?

Are they a negotiating tool for## the president to get more access to foreign# markets for us?

Are they national security?

So I think we do know that# the president likes tariffs,## and his staff is determined to find# ways to justify them.

And, secondly,## there is a clear attempt to get more manufacturing# to return from the U.S., particularly in goods## like pharmaceuticals and semiconductors# that he considers national security.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: I mean, the supporters of# the president argue that this may be messy,## but that the pain is going to be worth the gain,## that this is -- as some have put it, that# this is watching art of the deal unfold.

Do you see anything that is unfolding here that# could be strengthening America's negotiating hand?

DAVID WESSEL: I don't, William.

I'm afraid that the president has weakened# our standing in the world economy.## If the goal was to put pressure on China, then# the one would think the goal would have -- the## tactic would have been to get allies like# Canada, Mexico and Europe on our side.

So I think it's very hard.

The -- Chris# Waller, who's the chair of a -- member## of the Federal Reserve board, said today# that it's the biggest shock that the world## economy has seen in a long time, and that one# problem is both the policy and the effects are## uncertain.

And that doesn't seem a great# recipe for building a strong economy here.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: On that shock to the U.S.# economy, where is that most being felt right now?

DAVID WESSEL: Well, in our# country, it's being felt,## I think, by businesses and maybe some# consumers just pulling back.

If you're## not sure what the policy of the government# is going to be on the goods that you import,## or the parts you need to make your product,# you're going to be less willing to expand.

So there's a lot of talk about uncertainty.# And I think what that means is, if you're## not -- if it's not clear what's going to# happen, you pull back.

If everybody delays,## that's how we get a recession.

And a lot of# forecasters are anticipating a recession.

One really worrisome sign here is not the# stock market, but what's happened to the## bond market and the value of the dollar.

And,# basically, yields on treasury bonds have gone up,## the value of the dollar has gone down.

And# some people are interpreting that as an## indication that the world is less confident# about the safety of investing in the U.S. And that would be a long -- if# that's true, if that persists,## that will have long-lasting# effects, and they're not good ones.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: You mentioned the concern# over a possible recession.

Polls certainly## show that consumers are concerned about that.# Some major Wall Street firms are the same.

Do you feel that's a legitimate# concern?

Are we really at risk of that?

DAVID WESSEL: Well, at risk, sure.# But is it likely?

I don't know.

It## depends.

It depends how quickly the# president gets his act together.

And if this is a negotiating tool and we# have some deals, maybe they're cosmetic,## but allows him to back off, we have# a 10 percent across-the-board tariff,## but that's all it is, and some strategic# tariffs, if things calm down, if it looks## like adults are in charge in Washington,# that would reduce the risk of recession.

And some depends on what the Federal Reserve# does here.

The Federal Reserve is an awkward## position.

On one hand, tariffs will make prices# go up.

On the other hand, they could make the## economy grow more slowly.

And so they have to# decide, at what point do they act?

So far, it## looks like they're sitting on their hands.

That's# not going to be helpful to avoid a recession.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: All right, David# Wessel of the Brookings Institution,## always so good to hear your# counsel.

Thank you very much.

DAVID WESSEL: You're welcome.

I'm# sorry I couldn't be more upbeat.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM:## We begin the day's other headlines with new# details about the man accused of setting fire## to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion Sunday;## 38-year-old Cody Balmer has been charged with# arson, attempted homicide, and terrorism.

Court documents say he jumped over a fence to# gain entry, used handmade Molotov cocktails## to set the mansion fire, and planned to beat# Governor Josh Shapiro with a hammer if he ever## found him.

Shapiro and his family were safely# evacuated.

No one was injured.

Authorities have## not stated a motive for the attack.

Shapiro# said he and his family celebrated the Jewish## holiday of Passover just hours before# in the same room that was set ablaze.

Unsealed federal court documents reveal that# a Wisconsin teenager arrested last month for## killing his parents did so to take their money# and carry out a plot to assassinate President## Trump.

The documents further said the suspect# identified with a satanic neo-Nazi terror network.## He wrote a three-page antisemitic# manifesto that praised Adolf Hitler.

He bought a drone and explosives, which# authorities allege he planned to use in an attack.## The teen shared that plan with others, including a# Russian speaker, and intended to flee to Ukraine.

The FAA says the tour company whose sightseeing# helicopter crashed into the Hudson River in New## York City last week is shutting down effective# immediately.

The chopper from New York Helicopter## Tours broke apart in midair, killing a# family of five Spanish tourists and the## pilot.

The FAA also said it would review the tour# company's operating license and safety record.

In total, five sightseeing helicopters# have crashed into New York City's rivers## in the past two decades.

They# remain a popular tourist draw.

Turning overseas, former South Korean# President Yoon Suk Yeol denied criminal## charges that he led an insurrection when# he declared martial law late last year.## He was ousted from office just 10 days ago# for that short-lived martial law attempt.

Today, Yoon told the court that martial law# is not a coup d'etat.

Prosecutors said the## former president tried to paralyze# state institutions like Parliament.## Yoon's lawyers said he was fully# within his constitutional authority.

YOON KAB-KEUN, Attorney for Yoon Suk Yeol# (through translator): During this trial,## we will fully explain why the president# ..

The prosecutors are now seeing this# as an insurrection.

We believe it can## be proven that this doesn't have to be# regarded as a crime in the first place.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: If Yoon is# convicted of mounting an insurrection,## the charges are punishable# by life in prison or death.

In Central Europe, Hungary's Parliament# passed a new constitutional amendment that## bans public LGBTQ events.

It set off# protests, including before the vote,## when demonstrators tried to block lawmakers# from entering.

They had to be physically## removed by police.

In the end, the vote was a# resounding 140 yes-votes, with only 21 against.

The new amendment also says that Hungary's# Constitution will only recognize two sexes,## male and female, a basis for denying the gender# identities of transgender people and others.

In Brazil, former President Jair# Bolsonaro remains in intensive## care today after undergoing a lengthy# 12-hour surgery for a bowel obstruction.## The far right leader has been hospitalized# since Friday for abdominal pain stemming## from when he was stabbed at a 2018 campaign# event.

Doctors say he's in stable condition,## all this as Bolsonaro is expected to face trial# on charges that he attempted to stage a coup## after his election loss in 2022, efforts that# were punctuated by riots led by his supporters.

And a passing of note.

Peruvian author and# Nobel laureate Mario Vargas Llosa has died.

The## acclaimed storyteller wrote about corruption# and cruelty, not just in his native Peru,## but across Latin America.

His novels, essays,# articles, and columns often drew on his own## experiences.

He attended military academy as# a boy and later wrote of military brutality.

He joined a communist cell in his teens and later# wrote against leftist society as one mired in## poverty and injustice.

His passion for politics# led to an unsuccessful presidential run in 1990.

In 2012, he spoke to the "News Hour" about# the power and moral imperative of literature.

MARIO VARGAS LLOSA, Author: I don't accept the# idea that literature can be just entertainment## and that there is no sequels, consequences of# literature in the real world.

If this is true, I## think it gives the writer a kind of responsibility# that is not only literary, but also moral.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Mario# Vargas Llosa was 89 years old.

Still to come on the "News Hour": Ukraine# reels from a Russian attack that killed dozens,## including children; Mark Zuckerberg takes# the stand at Meta's antitrust trial;## Tamara Keith and Amy Walter break down the# latest political headlines; plus much more.

There is more fallout from a Russian missile# strike in Northeast Ukraine that killed## dozens of civilians on Palm Sunday.

Ukrainian# President Volodymyr Zelenskyy called Russia## filthy scoundrels, while President Trump blamed# both Ukraine and Russia for the start of the war.

Nick Schifrin reports.

NICK SCHIFRIN: In a shattered Sumy# today, sorrow is stated with flow.. with childhood comforts, and with profound# grief of 20-year-old student Anisia Yaluzhko.

ANISIA YALUZHKO, Sumy Resident (through# translator): It hurts.

Every Ukrainian is hurt.

It## hurts.

It's scary to be here, but there's nowhere# else where I can find myself.

This is my home.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Yesterday, on Palm Sunday, a# Russian weapon designed to target infantry## hit the heart and mind of this city.

A# camera attached to a Ukrainian police## officer walking through destruction that# included a college found the dead among## the dust and debris and families alive, but# traumatized, others, an unspeakable loss.

In total, at least 35 killed, some inside their# cars burn beyond recognition.

The Russian cluster## bomb also ripped through a bus, where 13-year-old# Karilo Ilyashenko (ph) and his mother survived.

WOMAN (through translator): It all# happened so fast.

It got so dark when## the explosion happened.

Glass shattered# into our faces.

We touched each other,## but couldn't see each other, as it was still dark.

DONALD TRUMP, President of the United# States: I think it was terrible.

And## I was told they made a mistake.# But I think it's a hor.. NICK SCHIFRIN: Last night, President Trump# suggested the attack was inadvertent.

QUESTION: You mean it was unintentional?

DONALD TRUMP: They made a mistake.

BAIBA BRAZE, Latvian Minister of# .. what they were doing.

Th.. NICK SCHIFRIN: But, in Brussels# today, unanimous European horror.

RADOSLAW SIKORSKI, Polish Foreign Minister:# I hope that President Trump and the U.S.## administration see that the leader# of Russia is mocking their goodwill,## and I hope the right decisions are taken.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Just three days# ago, Trump envoy Steve Witkoff## held his hand to his heart as he met# Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Today, President Trump for the first# time accused Putin of launching the war,## but also falsely accused Ukraine of provoking it.

DONALD TRUMP: Biden could have stopped# it and Zelenskyy could have stopped it,## and Putin should have never# started it.

Everybody's to blame.

QUESTION: Have you spoken to President Zelenskyy,## sir, about his offer to purchase# more Patriot missile battles?

DONALD TRUMP: You don't start a war# against somebody that's 20 times your size,## and then hope that people give you some missiles.

NICK SCHIFRIN: That ambiguity has# challenged Ukrainian President## Volodymyr Zelenskyy's faith in U.S.# support, as he told CBS' 60 Minutes.

QUESTION: Does the United States have your back?

VOLODYMYR ZELENSKYY, Ukrainian President# (through translator): Even in this pause## of mine, there's a problem, because I# want to answer truthfully and quickly## that the United States is our strategic,# strong partner.

But the pause is doubt.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Today, Russian# Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov## claimed the target in Sumy was legitimate.

SERGEY LAVROV, Russian Foreign Minister# (through translator): There was yet## another mob up of the Ukrainia.. NICK SCHIFRIN: But, in Sumy today, there is# no evidence of that.

And as the U.S. pushes## peace, Russia continues its attacks.# Ukraine has no choice but to suffer,## no choice but to clean up the pieces.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Nick Schifrin.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: A blockbuster antitrust trial# kicks off today between Meta and the Federal Trade## Commission.

The government alleges the company,# which was then called Facebook, monopolized the## social media market when it purchased competitors# Instagram in 2012 and WhatsApp two years later.

Stephanie Sy is here to explore the# potential impact of the trial -- Stephanie.

STEPHANIE SY: William, the trial, which# is expected to last up to two months,## could have major implications for big tech.

If the social media giant loses, it# could be forced to break itself apart## and sell off both of those popular# platforms, including Instagram,## which is projected to make up more than# half of the company's ad revenue this year.

To help us understand the issues, we're# joined now by Rebecca Allensworth,## professor of law at Vanderbilt University.

Rebecca, thanks so much for# joining the "News Hour."

This is a case that has been years in the making.# And we know what the major battle lines already## are.

The government alleges that Meta used a# strategy to buy or bury other start-ups, killing## competition.

Does the FTC have a strong case on# that basis, that Meta has violated antitrust law?

REBECCA ALLENSWORTH, Vanderbilt University# Law School: So, it has a strong case on that## part of the case, about whether or not# the acquisition suppressed competition.

The weakest part of its case is actually whether# or not Facebook is a monopoly in the first place,## whether or not Meta is a monopoly.# It has to prove both monopoly power## and an act of exclusion that allowed# it to maintain that monopoly power.

But the problem for the government# is that there are potentially other## competitors that we could see# as major players in this space.

STEPHANIE SY: Meta's lawyer today called the## case a grab bag that was -- quote --# "at war with the facts and the law."

We saw -- or we heard that Mark# Zuckerberg himself testified today.## What are the strongest points of the defense and# do they have to do with the fact that so much has## changed in the social media landscape since# this case was first brought four years ago?

REBECCA ALLENSWORTH: This is not a grab# bag.

This is definitely a strong case.

So,## on the part of the government,# it's a very strong case.

As far as what are Meta's best arguments,# those have to do with market power and market## definition.

But their weakest arguments, the# strength of the government's case really comes## from these e-mails that Mark Zuckerberg# wrote about the acquisitions at the time,## where he really kind of laid out what we would# call in antitrust like an anticompetitive intent.

STEPHANIE SY: Mark Zuckerberg wrote in that# 2008 e-mail: "It is better to buy than compete."

But I want to go back to this point about the# changing landscape.

Some critics of the FTC's## case point out that so many other competitors have# sprung up, namely TikTok, in the last four years.## Does the government have more of an uphill battle# just given how quickly the landscape has changed?

REBECCA ALLENSWORTH: You're right to point# out that the landscape has changed a bit.

But,## at the same time, I think that the# government has a strong argument that,## in fact, Facebook, Meta is still a# monopolist and they have monopoly power.

And that's because, while people do sometimes# consume other social media platforms, they do## spend time on other platforms, they look at ads# on other platforms, they still view Facebook,## Facebook Blue, the product we all associate# with Facebook, as not having substitutes.

It's really one of the only ways# to stay in touch with your friends## and family.

The real question is, can# Facebook make their product worse and## not lose customers?

And we know that# they have done that over the years.

STEPHANIE SY: This is one of several# antitrust cases against big tech that## started years ago under the first Trump# administration and then, of course,## continued under Biden.

And we# have spoken about the landmark## ruling last year which found Google was# monopolizing the Internet search sphere.

Rebecca, do you see momentum gaining to rein in## big tech with antitrust law?

Is this# the case to continue that momentum?

REBECCA ALLENSWORTH: I do see that momentum.# And it's not just these cases.

It comes from## some of the merger cases too, even# the ones that the government lost.

There were all kinds of theories# that were endorsed in those cases,## those little data points that courts are# ready to shift the momentum of antitrust## away from laissez-faire and start really# taking big companies to task for doing## things that are anticompetitive,# especially digital monopolies.

Now, the big one here obviously is the# verdict in the search case.

But I think## we're probably about to get another win# for the government on another Google case,## another monopolization case in the ad# tech case.

And I don't know exactly## how that will go, but I think there's# a good chance the government will win.

And I think, if the government wins# this third case, that's a real kind## of tidal wave of liability# for these digital platforms.

STEPHANIE SY: How much does the political# landscape in Trump 2.0 potentially impact## the outcome here?

We know that Mark Zuckerberg# has been lobbying hard for a settlement.

And,## of course, he was at President# Trump's inauguration this year.## It's been a bipartisan issue# largely at least until now.

Do you see that changing?

REBECCA ALLENSWORTH: It's impossible# to know what this means and how it## will matter.

It's just too unpredictable.

We# don't know what happened in those meetings.

I think what we know is that Trump views# the FTC as being under his control,## which is legally incorrect and not the# way the agency was designed.

And yet## he fired the two Democrats on the FTC in# a strong signal that this is my agency,## this is my policy.

We also know, of course,# that Mark Zuckerberg has cozied up to him## and trying to take advantage of that control# that Trump is trying to wield over the FTC.

But whether it's in it -- whether there's# something in it for Trump to actually do this,## whether he actually will interfere on behalf# of Mark Zuckerberg and Meta more generally,## is totally unclear to me.

There would have# to be something in it for Trump and the Trump## administration.

And it was his administration# that brought this case in the first place.

It also seems, like if he was going to# do it, he would do it before now.

So## it's just a real mystery what will# happen there.

It's quite possible.

STEPHANIE SY: OK, something to keep our eye on.

Rebecca Allensworth with# Vanderbilt University, thank you.

REBECCA ALLENSWORTH: Thank you.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: In the ongoing effort to curb# climate change, scientists are taking aim at a## surprisingly potent source of the greenhouse# gases that are warming our planet, cows.

As part of our Tipping Point series, science# correspondent Miles O'Brien traveled from## California to Mexico and even to Australia to# explore a bold idea that could make a big impact.

MILES O'BRIEN: It's 0 dark 30 at the Straus# Dairy Farm in Marin County, California.

The## cows stand patiently in line, ready for the# morning milking.

At the helm is Albert Straus.

ALBERT STRAUS, Straus Family Creamery:# I want to make a farming system that's a## positive impact on the environment, at the# same time produce high-quality organic food.

MILES O'BRIEN: So methane is never far from# his mind.

It's an especially potent greenhouse## gas.

Over 20 years, it traps about 80 times# more heat than carbon dioxide.

Dairy cows and## beef cattle emit a significant amount of it.

It# mostly comes from their burps, not flatulence.

In fact, methane emissions from livestock exceed# the oil and gas industry.

It's a stubborn problem.## And, for Albert, it threatens to derail his# goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2030.

ALBERT STRAUS: Cows have an essential# role in reversing climate change.

MILES O'BRIEN: That's why, in 2021, he# jumped at the chance to become the first## commercial dairy in the U.S. to test# a novel methane mitigation solution,## seaweed in the feed.

He enrolled# two dozen cows in a two-month trial.

ALBERT STRAUS: The things that we were testing for# didn't have any effects on animal health or human## health.

There was no off-flavors or effects on the# quality of the milk or the quantity of the milk.

MILES O'BRIEN: The additive comes from a# red seaweed called asparagopsis taxiformis.## It was less than a half-a-percent of the# cows' diet, but the results were dramatic.

ALBERT STRAUS: An average of 52 percent reduction,## with some cows over 80 percent,# and then one cow over 90 percent.

MILES O'BRIEN: University of California# Davis animal University of California## Davis animal scientist Ermias# Kebreab consulted on the study.## He is a world leader in the quest to# cut methane emissions from livestock.

ERMIAS KEBREAB, University of California, Davis:# I think we can produce high-quality protein,## high-quality milk, at the# same time help the planet.

MILES O'BRIEN: To gather data on how# much methane a cow might be exhaling,## they use a device called GreenFeed.

As# the cows lick, chew, breathe, and belch,## the gases they exhale are sucked# into a tube for real-time analysis.

ERMIAS KEBREAB: So it will# analyze the contents of the## breath in different concentrations of the gases.

MILES O'BRIEN: Hello.

How are you.

How are you?

They are recording impressive results.# Cows that consume just a quarter of 1## percent seaweed in their diet# emit 30 percent less methane.

ERMIAS KEBREAB: We are kind of slowly# introducing the higher dose now.

MILES O'BRIEN: What do you# think the upward limit is?

ERMIAS KEBREAB: In the literature, there# is a report that 98 percent reduction.

MILES O'BRIEN: Ninety-eight?

ERMIAS KEBREAB: Ninety-eight..

MILES O'BRIEN: And that's with only# one-half of 1 percent seaweed additive.

So,## why do cows produce so much# methane?

To understand that,## we need to ruminate literally on the# rumen, the first of four compartments## in a cows stomach.

Here, microbes start the# whole process of turning grass into energy.

But this fermentation also releases# carbon dioxide, CO2, and hydrogen,## H2.

With the help of a special enzyme, those# molecules are converted to methane, CH4,## and exhaled.

But this process can be disrupted# by an ingredient in seaweed called bromoform.## It disables that enzyme, preventing# the CO2 and H2 from forming methane.

And the hydrogen is now for the cow.

Effective as# it appears to be, a lot of it needs to be grown## to make a dent in livestock methane production.# That's what they are working on here in Mexico,## 140 miles south of San Diego in the tiny# community of Ejido Erendira.

The U.S. start-up## that performed the study at the Straus Dairy# Farm is shifting into large-scale production.

This is the Blue Ocean Barns seaweed farm.

HANNAH RESETARITS, Blue Ocean Barns:# So this is called the sun tube.

MILES O'BRIEN: The senior manager of operations# expansion, Hannah Resetarits, gave me a .. HANNAH RESETARITS: All of our# cultures start in this room and## then scale outside all the way up# through our different vessel sizes.

MILES O'BRIEN: Outdoors, they scale# up in 17,000-gallon shallow vessels.## Scientists are still learning what# the seaweed likes and what it doesn't.

You're trying to scale up and still understand## some basic science at the same# time, which is a challenge, right?

HANNAH RESETARITS: Oh, 100 percent, yes.

It is# something that makes this job very exciting.

It## also means that, as we go, we are also going# back and improving our systems every day.

MILES O'BRIEN: Joan Salwen is the# co-founder and CEO of Blue Ocean Barns.

JOAN SALWEN, Co-Founder and CEO, Blue Ocean# Barns: It became clear that this kind of## finicky seaweed was not just going to become# domesticated without a little bit of a fight.

MILES O'BRIEN: The company has raised# $35 million.

It is in talks with some## major food producers, scrambling for# ways to meet carbon neutrality targets.

JOAN SALWEN: Not one of them will get to# carbon neutral without our product.

And if## they continue to feel pressure to make good# on their promise, I feel very, very bullish.

MILES O'BRIEN: Nice one.

But she does face a serious roadblock.

In the# U.S., the Food and D.. category for products aimed at reducing# greenhouse gases.

If bromoform from## seaweed is considered a veterinary drug, the# approval process might take five to 10 years,## far too long, given the# urgency of the climate crisis.

JOAN SALWEN: We're a little# stuck in the United States.

MILES O'BRIEN: Studies show no toxicity and no## adverse effects.

Australia has already# approved seaweed feed for livestock.

I'm going to have a simply# grilled with cheese, please.

SAM ELSOM, Co-Founder and CEO, Sea# Forest: Yes, two of those, thank you.

MILES O'BRIEN: In fact, low-methane burgers have# been on the market down under for two years.## I tried one in Sydney with Sam Elsom, co-founder# and CEO of the Tasmania-based seaweed producer Sea## Forest.

Australia didn't classify the additive# as a drug, which made approval much faster.

SAM ELSOM: I'm grateful that we live in# Australia.

It should happen in the U.S.,## for sure.

It should happen all around the world.

MILES O'BRIEN: It's a solution# without a negative that I could taste.

(LAUGHTER) SAM ELSOM: That's true.

MILES O'BRIEN: Scientists say we must cut# global greenhouse gas em.. 2030 in order to limit global warming to 2.7# degrees Fahrenheit.

But we are headed in the## opposite direction.

Emissions are still rising.

As# it turns out, a big solution might be bite-sized.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Miles# O'Brien in Sydney, Australia.

Amy Walter, Tamara Keith WILLIAM BRANGHAM:## The political fallout from the Trump# administration's tariff policies continues,## and intraparty fighting seems to be breaking# out with both Democrats and Republicans.

For analysis, we are joined by Amy Walter of The## Cook Political Report With Amy# Walter and Tamara Keith of NPR.

Welcome to you both.

AMY WALTER, The Cook Political Report.. WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Tam, sorry to no.. but you look great, huge at# the end of the table there.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: First question to you.# I don't know if you heard.

We had David## Wessel on the program earlier talking# about the economic crater that this## has blown into the U.S. economy and how the# future does not really seem all that clear.

What have the political repercussions been# for the president and his administration?

TAMARA KEITH: I think that there are# repercussions, even though the policy## is a little bit unclear, or it seems# like it changes every 48 hours or so.

And various Trump administration officials are# delivering different messages depending on what## show they're on.

And then President Trump will# come out on social media and say something else,## for instance, his social media post saying# that there were no exceptions for electronics,## they're still being tariffed, and# also there might be more to come.

What the consequences end up being is that# consumer sentiment is in a very bad place.## And consumer sentiment also then goes forward# into sentiment about the president's performance## on the economy.

It is his weakest point.

It# is -- of all of the things that are polled## in terms of the president's performance, his# performance on the economy is at the bottom,## which is remarkable because he came into office as# the businessman who was going to shake things up.

He came into office -- and generally Republicans# are viewed more favorably on the economy.

So to## have that as his weak point does indicate# that there is something happening here,## that consumers are worried about# a recession, and that polling -- a## CBS poll over the weekend indicated a large# share of voters, including many Republicans,## believe that prices are going to get higher as a# result of this policy, at least in the short term.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Right.

I mean, and that, Amy, is certainly disastrous for#an administration.

I mean, does ... about-face, the tariffs are on, well, now they're# off, indicate that he is feeling that pressure.

AMY WALTER: I don't know.

I mean, I do think that he firmly believes and has#firmly believed for the last 40 years t... is the right policy and that, as he does in many# things, sometimes, the policy is not as organized## as many people would like to see, but that it --# but it will work out at the end of the day.

And I## think that's why you have so many Republicans# still sticking with him, including voters.

That CBS poll finds most Republicans willing# to give him some time for this to work out,## even as they're saying, yes, in the short term,# we expect prices to rise.

There's also a little## bit of a silver lining in some of this# polling that we're seeing.

While his... WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Silver lining for the president.

AMY WALTER: For the president, yes, for him.

Even as consumers -- as Tam points out,# consumers are nervous and his handling## of the economy has dropped off in recent in# recent weeks, what we're also seeing is that## 51 percent of voters in the CBS polls# say that they like the idea of what he's## trying to get at.

It's that 65 percent of# them don't like the way he's going at it.

So that... AMY WALTER: The idea that there's a need for these#.. obviously, Democrats aren't giving the president# any credit.

Republicans are all with him.

Among independent voters, more than 60 percent of# them in the CBS poll said they're willing to wait## a few weeks, months, even up to a year for these# to work themselves out.

And so while the chaos of## it is exhausting, is taking a toll for consumers# and for the president's overall approval rating,## he may actually have some more time for this# to get to a place that people feel like, oh,## OK, either that wasn't so bad or# maybe we're in a better place.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Tamara, I want to pivot to the# Democrats for a second and sort of a bind that## they seem to be in.

I mean, on the one hand, you# have Democrats that -- especially state governors,## who feel like they have to talk to the president# to try to dodge the incoming fire of his tariffs.

But you also have a base that very much# wants them to fight like hell against## him.

And we saw that in those protests# that erupted around the country recently.## There was this remarkable example that# happened here in Washington where Michigan## Governor Gretchen Whitmer came to Washington,# D.C., to talk to President Trump about this.

But apparently she was dragged into a photo-op# that she didn't want to be a part of.

And The## New York Times had this incredible photograph of# her basically covering her face as if to indicate,## I'm not cozying up to the president, dear voters,# who you want me to be hitting with a big club.

Describe a little bit the bind that# the Democrats find themselves in.

TAMARA KEITH: Yes, and I think governors# in particular find themselves in a bind.## You have Governor Whitmer hiding# behind that folder and then just## getting taken to task on social media.# Not that social media is real life,## but people saying, and that's the# day she lost the race for president.

I don't know that that's -- I think that's# overstating the case.

But the challenge for## governors is that they do need the federal# government.

They need federal assistance## when there are disasters.

They need those# Medicaid payments.

They -- essentially, they## need to somehow work with the federal government# because that's the way our government functions at## the same time that at any given moment President# Trump could turn on them, could withhold funding,## could -- as he's been doing with universities# and going after the state of Maine, for instance.

And so governors are in an incredibly challenging# position just trying to govern and lead their## states at this time where the president of the# United States could turn on them at any moment,## but where their voters, as you say, do really# want change.

They want a fighter.

They want## someone to aggressively hit back at the president,# though, yes, they're just a little bit stuck.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: And, Amy, there's also this# frustration we have been seeing vented most## recently by a lot of progressive Democrats# challenging sitting Democrats in House races,## also Bernie Sanders and Alexandria# Ocasio-Cortez getting tens of thousands## of people out on a very economic# populist fight the president message.

AMY WALTER: Right.

I think what we're seeing more than anything#is one -- much more of style than ideology.## Somebody, I heard the other day saying what# Democrats are fighting about is not to be## more progressive, but to be more aggressive,# especially when it comes to Donald Trump.

Where that gets them, though, is the -- really# the next question because fundamentally,## and this is where I think Whitmer was going,# which is you not only have to work with the## president because I'm a governor of a state# and for all the reasons Tam pointed out,## you need federal assistance, but also what# do the Democrats stand for economically?

And that's going to be the# big question going forward.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Amy Walter, Tamara# Keith, great to have you both.

Thank you.

AMY WALTER: You're welcome.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM:## In 2023, we told you about# the debut of an acclaimed## young blues musician named Nat Myers of Kentucky.

"American Songwriter" said his work# -- quote -- "reverberates with the## sound of a deep blues man from the 20s and 30s."

Special correspondent Tom Casciato now# has an update to Myers personal story.## It's part of our arts and culture series, Canvas.

TOM CASCIATO: Nat Myers sings and# plays the blues like the last 100## years of music never even happened.

He# plays his resonator guitar that way too.

I first met Nat in 2023, when he was fresh off# the release of his critically praised debut album,## "Yellow Peril."

He'd been discovered# by the Black Keys' Dan Auerbach,## who signed and recorded him in Nashville.# We talked about his love of literature,## existentialists like Albert Camus# and the ancients, especially Homer.

NAT MYERS, Musician: You don't see the# fall of Troy.

You don't see the Trojan## horse.

You don't see these things.

You# see a moment after Patroclus is killed.

TOM CASCIATO: And he spoke of Charley# Patton, an artist who inspired his style,## and others like Mississippi's# Robert Petway and Tommy McClennan.

Nat Myers' career was taking off.

Less than two# years later, his life has taken a different turn.

NAT MYERS: I felt something was# wrong with me maybe back in November,## but I started getting these what I described as# pleuritic pains running up and down the kind of## the -- back of my ribs.

I felt like my ribs and# my lungs were just like scraping each other.

So I## thought maybe I just got a lung infection and some# anti-inflammatories and stuff would help me out.

So I went down maybe 30 seconds after leaving that## urgent care.

I got a call from# the doctor and she was like,## yes, I think we're dealing with something a# little different here than some inflammation.

TOM CASCIATO: In February, Nat would reveal on# social media that he'd been laid low by cancer,## a rare sarcoma with growths around# his heart and pulmonary arteries.

NAT MYERS: I can't tell you, Tom.# They were sure I was going to die.## I got some lifesaving surgeries.

And# I just always thought about Camus## talking about the absurdity of life# striking a man in the face any day.

And if surgery and life struck me in the face,## but I reacted very, very well to my first round# of chemotherapy.

I have also joined the club.

TOM CASCIATO: I want to officially# welcome you to the club now.

The 34-year-old Kentuckian is# being treated in Columbus, Ohio,## his care paid for in part by an# online fund-raising campaign.

NAT MYERS: You know, everybody says one step at# a -- one day at a time, but, one day at a time,## I have found it as terrifying.# For instance, I had a PET scan## yesterday.

I wasn't sure whether or not# the cancer spread to my brain, you know?

TOM CASCIATO: Wow.

NAT MYERS: And to find out tha..

It's like every day becomes a poker game.# It's a crazy thing.

It's a crazy thing.

TOM CASCIATO: When we first spoke in 2023,# Nat talked about his passion for playing live.

NAT MYERS: A lot of people say they play music# for the fans or they make the music for these## people.

Like, we do this all for you.

I don't# abide that, because I do this music because,## like, literally I'd die if I# weren't playing this stuff.

TOM CASCIATO: Are you able to play now?

NAT MYERS: Oh, yes, thank the lord.

Blues# continues to be my outlet and my saving## grace.

I remember this lady down in South Carolina# when I was after two-and-a-half weeks bedridden.

She came into my room as I was# about to leave and she pointed## at the guitar and she said: "Are you a musician?"

And I said; "Yes, ma'am."

And she was like: "Well, you keep playing on# that because that's going to be your healing."

I look at old videos of blues musicians I# love like Fred McDowell when he was playing## in the early '70s.

He died in '71 of cancer.

And# I look at him and I see the veins pulsing and him## struggling.

And I realize that we're years apart,# but we're in the exact same position.

And even## despite his -- even despite his struggles, he was# still playing music wherever he could for people.

I hope one day to be able to play music for people# again.

It's the greatest thrill of my life, so... TOM CASCIATO: For the "PBS# News Hour," I'm Tom Casciato.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: What a beautiful young man.# We wish him all the healing in the world.

That is the "News Hour" for# tonight.

I'm William Brangham.

On behalf of the entire "News Hour"# team, thank you so much for joining us.